Path Sum

def hasPathSum(tree, targetSum):
    n = len(tree)

    def walk(i, remaining):
        # remaining is what the path still needs once it reaches node i.
        remaining -= tree[i]
        left, right = 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2
        has_left = left < n and tree[left] != -1
        has_right = right < n and tree[right] != -1
        if not has_left and not has_right:
            return remaining == 0  # a leaf: the path ends here
        return (has_left and walk(left, remaining)) or (has_right and walk(right, remaining))

    return walk(0, targetSum)

def hasPathSum(tree, targetSum):
    n = len(tree)
    stack = [(0, tree[0])]  # (node index, sum of the path from the root to it)
    while stack:
        i, total = stack.pop()
        left, right = 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2
        has_left = left < n and tree[left] != -1
        has_right = right < n and tree[right] != -1
        if not has_left and not has_right and total == targetSum:
            return True  # a leaf whose path adds up
        if has_left:
            stack.append((left, total + tree[left]))
        if has_right:
            stack.append((right, total + tree[right]))
    return False