Flood Fill

def floodFill(image, sr, sc, color):
    old = image[sr][sc]
    if old == color:
        return image
    rows, cols = len(image), len(image[0])

    def paint(r, c):
        # Stop outside the image and at any pixel that is not the old color.
        if r < 0 or r >= rows or c < 0 or c >= cols or image[r][c] != old:
            return
        image[r][c] = color
        paint(r + 1, c)
        paint(r - 1, c)
        paint(r, c + 1)
        paint(r, c - 1)

    paint(sr, sc)
    return image

def floodFill(image, sr, sc, color):
    old = image[sr][sc]
    # Painting a region its own color changes nothing. Returning here also
    # stops the search from pushing the same cells forever.
    if old == color:
        return image
    rows, cols = len(image), len(image[0])
    image[sr][sc] = color
    stack = [(sr, sc)]
    while stack:
        r, c = stack.pop()
        for nr, nc in ((r + 1, c), (r - 1, c), (r, c + 1), (r, c - 1)):
            if 0 <= nr < rows and 0 <= nc < cols and image[nr][nc] == old:
                # Paint on push: a painted cell no longer matches old,
                # so it can never be pushed twice.
                image[nr][nc] = color
                stack.append((nr, nc))
    return image