Spiral Matrix

def spiralOrder(matrix):
    rows, cols = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
    seen = [[False] * cols for _ in range(rows)]
    # Directions in clockwise order: right, down, left, up.
    dr = [0, 1, 0, -1]
    dc = [1, 0, -1, 0]
    r = c = d = 0
    result = []
    for _ in range(rows * cols):
        result.append(matrix[r][c])
        seen[r][c] = True
        nr, nc = r + dr[d], c + dc[d]
        # Blocked by the edge or by a cell already read: turn right.
        if not (0 <= nr < rows and 0 <= nc < cols) or seen[nr][nc]:
            d = (d + 1) % 4
            nr, nc = r + dr[d], c + dc[d]
        r, c = nr, nc
    return result

def spiralOrder(matrix):
    top, bottom = 0, len(matrix) - 1
    left, right = 0, len(matrix[0]) - 1
    result = []
    while top <= bottom and left <= right:
        # Top row, left to right, then right column, top to bottom.
        for c in range(left, right + 1):
            result.append(matrix[top][c])
        for r in range(top + 1, bottom + 1):
            result.append(matrix[r][right])
        # A layer one row or one column thick has no way back:
        # walking back would read the same cells again.
        if top < bottom and left < right:
            # Bottom row, right to left, then left column, bottom to top.
            for c in range(right - 1, left - 1, -1):
                result.append(matrix[bottom][c])
            for r in range(bottom - 1, top, -1):
                result.append(matrix[r][left])
        # Step in to the next layer.
        top += 1
        bottom -= 1
        left += 1
        right -= 1
    return result