Tổng kết theo tháng

tracker <- function(commands) {
  expenses <- data.frame(date = character(0), category = character(0), amount = numeric(0))
  replies <- c()
  for (cmd in commands) {
    parts <- strsplit(cmd, " ")[[1]]
    if (parts[1] == "ADD") {
      amount <- suppressWarnings(as.numeric(parts[4]))
      if (length(parts) != 4 || is.na(amount) || amount <= 0) {
        replies <- c(replies, paste("invalid:", cmd))
      } else {
        expenses <- rbind(expenses, data.frame(date = parts[2], category = parts[3], amount = amount))
        replies <- c(replies, sprintf("added %s %.2f", parts[3], amount))
      }
    } else if (parts[1] == "TOTAL") {
      replies <- c(replies, sprintf("total: %.2f, count: %d", sum(expenses$amount), nrow(expenses)))
    } else if (parts[1] == "CATEGORY") {
      if (nrow(expenses) == 0) {
        replies <- c(replies, "no expenses")
      } else {
        totals <- tapply(expenses$amount, expenses$category, sum)
        replies <- c(replies, sprintf("%s: %.2f", names(totals), totals))
      }
    } else if (parts[1] == "TOP") {
      n <- as.numeric(parts[2])
      ranked <- expenses[order(-expenses$amount, expenses$date), ]
      top <- head(ranked, n)
      if (nrow(top) == 0) {
        replies <- c(replies, "no expenses")
      } else {
        replies <- c(replies, sprintf("%s %s %.2f", top$date, top$category, top$amount))
      }
    }
  }
  replies
}

# Đoạn code đầu vào/đầu ra đã được cung cấp: giữ nguyên
input <- suppressWarnings(readLines(file("stdin")))
cat(tracker(input), sep = "\n")