Rat in a Maze

from collections import deque


def findPaths(maze):
    n = len(maze)
    if maze[0][0] == 0 or maze[n - 1][n - 1] == 0:
        return []
    moves = (("D", 1, 0), ("L", 0, -1), ("R", 0, 1), ("U", -1, 0))
    result = []
    # Each entry is a path in progress: its cell, the cells it has used
    # (bit r * n + c), and its moves so far.
    queue = deque([(0, 0, 1, "")])
    while queue:
        r, c, used, path = queue.popleft()
        if r == n - 1 and c == n - 1:
            result.append(path)
            continue
        for letter, dr, dc in moves:
            nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
            if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < n and maze[nr][nc] == 1:
                bit = 1 << (nr * n + nc)
                if not used & bit:
                    queue.append((nr, nc, used | bit, path + letter))
    result.sort()  # shorter paths were found first, so sort by text
    return result

def findPaths(maze):
    n = len(maze)
    result = []
    if maze[0][0] == 0 or maze[n - 1][n - 1] == 0:
        return result
    # The moves in alphabetical order, so the paths come out sorted.
    moves = (("D", 1, 0), ("L", 0, -1), ("R", 0, 1), ("U", -1, 0))
    path = []

    def backtrack(r, c):
        if r == n - 1 and c == n - 1:
            result.append("".join(path))
            return
        maze[r][c] = 0  # block the cell while this path uses it
        for letter, dr, dc in moves:
            nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
            if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < n and maze[nr][nc] == 1:
                path.append(letter)
                backtrack(nr, nc)
                path.pop()
        maze[r][c] = 1  # open it again for the other paths

    backtrack(0, 0)
    return result