الربط باستخدام $lookup

import express from 'express';
import { MongoClient, ObjectId } from 'mongodb';

const client = new MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017');
const db = client.db('shelf');
const books = db.collection('books');
const ratings = db.collection('ratings');

await books.createIndex({ isbn: 1 }, { unique: true });
await books.insertMany([
    { title: 'Dune', author: 'Frank Herbert', year: 1965, isbn: '9780441013593', genre: 'scifi' },
    { title: 'Kindred', author: 'Octavia E. Butler', year: 1979, isbn: '9780807083697', genre: 'scifi' },
    { title: 'Emma', author: 'Jane Austen', year: 1815, isbn: '9780141439587', genre: 'classic' },
]);

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

// تُرجِع جميع الأخطاء استجابة بالشكل { error: message }.
function sendError(res, status, message) {
    res.status(status).json({ error: message });
}

// تُرجِع :id بوصفه ObjectId، أو null بعد إرسال استجابة 400 إذا كان id غير صالح.
function parseId(req, res) {
    if (ObjectId.isValid(req.params.id)) {
        return new ObjectId(req.params.id);
    }
    sendError(res, 400, 'Not a valid id');
    return null;
}

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    res.send('Bookshelf API');
});

app.get('/books', async (req, res) => {
    const filter = {};
    if (req.query.author) {
        filter.author = req.query.author;
    }
    if (req.query.from || req.query.to) {
        filter.year = {};
        if (req.query.from) {
            filter.year.$gte = Number(req.query.from);
        }
        if (req.query.to) {
            filter.year.$lte = Number(req.query.to);
        }
    }
    const list = await books.find(filter).toArray();
    res.json(list);
});

app.post('/books', async (req, res) => {
    const book = req.body;
    try {
        await books.insertOne(book);
    } catch (err) {
        if (err.code === 11000) {
            return sendError(res, 409, 'That ISBN is already on the shelf');
        }
        throw err;
    }
    res.status(201).json(book);
});

app.get('/books/newest', async (req, res) => {
    const n = Number(req.query.n) || 3;
    const list = await books
        .find({}, { projection: { title: 1, year: 1, _id: 0 } })
        .sort({ year: -1 })
        .limit(n)
        .toArray();
    res.json(list);
});

app.get('/books/:id', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const book = await books.findOne({ _id: id });
    if (!book) {
        return sendError(res, 404, 'No such book');
    }
    res.json(book);
});

app.patch('/books/:id', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const result = await books.updateOne({ _id: id }, { $set: req.body });
    if (result.matchedCount === 0) {
        return sendError(res, 404, 'No such book');
    }
    res.json(await books.findOne({ _id: id }));
});

app.post('/books/:id/copies', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const result = await books.updateOne({ _id: id }, { $inc: { copies: 1 } });
    if (result.matchedCount === 0) {
        return sendError(res, 404, 'No such book');
    }
    res.json(await books.findOne({ _id: id }));
});

app.post('/books/:id/tags', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const result = await books.updateOne({ _id: id }, { $push: { tags: req.body.tag } });
    if (result.matchedCount === 0) {
        return sendError(res, 404, 'No such book');
    }
    res.json(await books.findOne({ _id: id }));
});

app.delete('/books/:id', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const result = await books.deleteOne({ _id: id });
    if (result.deletedCount === 0) {
        return sendError(res, 404, 'No such book');
    }
    res.status(204).end();
});

app.put('/books/:id/ratings', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    const { user, stars } = req.body;
    await ratings.updateOne({ bookId: id, user }, { $set: { stars } }, { upsert: true });
    res.json({ user, stars });
});

app.get('/books/:id/ratings', async (req, res) => {
    const id = parseId(req, res);
    if (!id) return;
    res.json(await ratings.find({ bookId: id }).toArray());
});

app.get('/stats', async (req, res) => {
    const filter = req.query.genre ? { genre: req.query.genre } : {};
    res.json({
        books: await books.countDocuments(filter),
        ratings: await ratings.countDocuments(),
    });
});

app.get('/stats/genres', async (req, res) => {
    const genres = await books
        .aggregate([{ $group: { _id: '$genre', count: { $sum: 1 } } }])
        .toArray();
    res.json(genres);
});

app.get('/stats/top', async (req, res) => {
    const top = await ratings
        .aggregate([
            { $group: { _id: '$bookId', avg: { $avg: '$stars' }, count: { $sum: 1 } } },
            { $match: { count: { $gte: 2 } } },
            { $sort: { avg: -1 } },
            { $limit: 3 },
        ])
        .toArray();
    res.json(top);
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
    console.log('Bookshelf is running on port 3000');
});