默认设为私有

本课属于 Coddy Django 学习旅程的“用户和账户”单元。第 7 课，共 16 课。

笔记应用是私密的：几乎不应该向访客开放任何内容。如果每个视图都加上 @login_required，那么哪天你在一个新视图中忘了加它，该页面就会公开。

中间件是每个请求在到达视图的途中都会经过的代码；settings.py 中的 MIDDLEWARE 按顺序列出了这些中间件。LoginRequiredMiddleware 会将所有未登录的访客发送到 LOGIN_URL，无论他们请求的是哪个页面。它会读取 request.user，因此要把它放在设置该属性的 AuthenticationMiddleware 之后。

然后，你可以标记需要保持公开的页面。会员俱乐部会向所有人公开营业时间：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_not_required


@login_not_required
def opening_hours(request):
    return render(request, "club/hours.html")

Django 的登录页面已经标记好了。现在其他所有视图都受到保护，因此可以删掉 @login_required 行。

挑战

简单

默认将每个页面设为私有。

在 settings.py 中，将 "django.contrib.auth.middleware.LoginRequiredMiddleware" 添加到 MIDDLEWARE 中，并放在正确的位置。
在 notes/views.py 中，删除三个 @login_required 行，并确保访客仍可访问 signup。

退出登录后打开 /：你会跳转到登录页面，而 Sign up 链接仍会打开注册表单。

亲手试试

from pathlib import Path

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-change-me"
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "notes",
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "mysite.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
    }
}

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator"},
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator"},
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator"},
    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator"},
]

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True

STATIC_URL = "static/"

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"