银行系统
本课属于 Coddy GDScript 学习旅程的“面向对象编程”单元。第 63 课,共 65 课。
挑战
困难构建一个包含两种账户的银行。每个操作都会返回一个结果字典 {"ok": bool, "message": String};提供的代码会将其打印为 OK: MESSAGE 或 Failed: MESSAGE。所有金额都是 float,消息中的每个金额都会在 $ 后保留两位小数。
transaction.gd 中的 Transaction:构造函数接收 kind("deposit"、"withdrawal" 或 "interest")和 amount。_to_string() 会返回首字母大写的类型,后面接金额:Deposit - $200.00。交易不会存储所属账户。
account.gd 中的 Account 是一个 @abstract 类:
- 构造函数接收
account_number、owner_name和initial_balance。金额保存在私有变量_balance中;balance是只读属性,其 getter 会返回_balance。_history是一个Array[Transaction],get_history()会返回它。 - 两个抽象方法:
account_type() -> String和withdrawal_error(amount: float) -> String。后者会返回拒绝取款的原因,或者返回""。 deposit(amount):金额为0或更少时,会因Deposit amount must be positive而失败。否则会存入金额、记录一笔deposit交易,并返回Deposited $A. New balance: $B。withdraw(amount):金额为0或更少时,会因Withdrawal amount must be positive而失败;如果withdrawal_error()返回非空字符串,则会因该文本而失败。否则会取出金额、记录一笔withdrawal交易,并返回Withdrew $A. New balance: $B;如果此时余额低于0,后面还会加上(Overdraft)。_to_string()会返回TYPE NUMBER (OWNER): $BALANCE。
savings_account.gd 中的 SavingsAccount 继承自 Account,包含常量 INTEREST_RATE = 0.02 和 MIN_BALANCE = 100.0。其类型为 Savings。如果取款会使余额低于 MIN_BALANCE,则会因 Cannot withdraw below minimum balance of $100.00 而被拒绝。apply_interest() 会增加 balance * INTEREST_RATE,记录一笔 interest 交易,并返回 Applied interest: $I. New balance: $B。
checking_account.gd 中的 CheckingAccount 继承自 Account,包含常量 OVERDRAFT_LIMIT = 200.0。其类型为 Checking。余额最低可以降到 -200.00;如果取款会使余额更低,则会因 Cannot exceed overdraft limit of $200.00 而被拒绝。
bank.gd 中的 Bank 会将账户保存在一个以账户号码为键的私有字典中:
- 构造函数接收
bank_name。 create_account(kind, account_number, owner_name, initial_balance)是一个工厂方法:kind可以是任意大小写形式的savings或checking。如果账户号码已存在,会因Account number already exists而失败;如果账户类型无效,会因Invalid account type而失败。否则会返回Savings account created successfully(或Checking)。get_account(account_number) -> Account会返回该账户,或者返回null。transfer(from_number, to_number, amount):如果找不到一个或两个账户,则会因One or both accounts not found而失败;它会从第一个账户取款,如果取款失败,则会以Transfer failed:加上取款操作的消息作为失败信息。否则会将金额存入第二个账户,并返回Transferred $A from FROM to TO。total_holdings() -> float会返回所有余额的总和。
提供的代码会读取银行名称,然后读取命令。对于以下输入:
First Bank
open savings|S1|Alice|1000
open checking|C1|Bob|50
withdraw S1|950
transfer S1|C1|300
withdraw C1|400
history C1
total输出为:
OK: Savings account created successfully
OK: Checking account created successfully
Failed: Cannot withdraw below minimum balance of $100.00
OK: Transferred $300.00 from S1 to C1
OK: Withdrew $400.00. New balance: $-50.00 (Overdraft)
History of C1:
1. Deposit - $300.00
2. Withdrawal - $400.00
Total held by First Bank: $650.00请将代码写在 transaction.gd、account.gd、savings_account.gd、checking_account.gd 和 bank.gd 中。main.gd 存放了提供的输入/输出代码,不能编辑。
亲手试试
extends Node
func _ready():
# 已提供的输入/输出代码:保持原样。
var bank := Bank.new(OS.read_string_from_stdin())
var line := OS.read_string_from_stdin()
while line != "":
var parts := line.split(" ", true, 1)
var f: PackedStringArray = parts[1].split("|") if parts.size() > 1 else PackedStringArray()
match parts[0]:
"open":
show_result(bank.create_account(f[0], f[1], f[2], float(f[3])))
"deposit":
show_result(bank.get_account(f[0]).deposit(float(f[1])))
"withdraw":
show_result(bank.get_account(f[0]).withdraw(float(f[1])))
"interest":
var account: Account = bank.get_account(f[0])
if account is SavingsAccount:
var savings := account as SavingsAccount
show_result(savings.apply_interest())
else:
print("Failed: ", f[0], " is not a savings account")
"transfer":
show_result(bank.transfer(f[0], f[1], float(f[2])))
"history":
var history: Array = bank.get_account(f[0]).get_history()
print("History of ", f[0], ":")
for i in history.size():
print(i + 1, ". ", history[i])
"account":
print(bank.get_account(f[0]))
"total":
print("Total held by %s: $%.2f" % [bank.bank_name, bank.total_holdings()])
line = OS.read_string_from_stdin()
func show_result(result: Dictionary) -> void:
print(("OK: " if result["ok"] else "Failed: ") + result["message"])
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