回顾:形状计算器
本课属于 Coddy Python 学习旅程的“面向对象编程”单元。第 27 课,共 64 课。
挑战
中等在这个挑战中,你将实现一个形状计算器系统,展示多态。
在以下文件中实现所需的类(查找每个文件中的 TODO 注释):
shape.py:定义抽象基类Shapecircle.py:实现Circle类rectangle.py:实现Rectangle类triangle.py:实现Triangle类unknownshape.py:创建一个非派生类,展示鸭子类型shapecalculator.py:实现计算器功能
按照每个文件中的 TODO 注释逐步完成操作。全面的测试套件将帮助你了解预期行为,并确保你的实现正确满足所有要求。
亲手试试
from circle import Circle
from rectangle import Rectangle
from triangle import Triangle
from unknownshape import UnknownShape
from shapecalculator import ShapeCalculator
import math
# 测试用例处理器
test_case = input()
def test_basic_functionality():
calculator = ShapeCalculator()
# 用 Circle 测试
circle = Circle(5)
print(f"Testing {circle}")
results = calculator.process_shape(circle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
print()
# 用 Rectangle 测试
rectangle = Rectangle(4, 6)
print(f"Testing {rectangle}")
results = calculator.process_shape(rectangle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
print()
# 用 Triangle 测试
triangle = Triangle(3, 4, 5)
print(f"Testing {triangle}")
results = calculator.process_shape(triangle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
print()
# 用 UnknownShape 测试(鸭子类型)
unknown = UnknownShape("Custom", 10)
print(f"Testing {unknown}")
results = calculator.process_shape(unknown)
print(f"Results: {results}")
def test_edge_cases():
calculator = ShapeCalculator()
# 用零值测试
print("Testing zero values:")
circle = Circle(0)
print(f"Circle(0) area: {circle.area()}, perimeter: {circle.perimeter()}")
rectangle = Rectangle(0, 5)
print(f"Rectangle(0, 5) area: {rectangle.area()}, perimeter: {rectangle.perimeter()}")
# 用非常大的值测试
print("\
Testing large values:")
large_circle = Circle(1000000)
print(f"Circle(1000000) area: {large_circle.area():.2e}, perimeter: {large_circle.perimeter():.2e}")
# 用小数值测试
print("\
Testing decimal values:")
decimal_circle = Circle(0.5)
print(f"Circle(0.5) area: {decimal_circle.area()}, perimeter: {decimal_circle.perimeter()}")
decimal_triangle = Triangle(2.5, 3.5, 4.5)
print(f"Triangle(2.5, 3.5, 4.5) area: {decimal_triangle.area()}, perimeter: {decimal_triangle.perimeter()}")
def test_inheritance():
# 为每种形状创建实例
circle = Circle(5)
rectangle = Rectangle(4, 6)
triangle = Triangle(3, 4, 5)
unknown = UnknownShape("Custom", 10)
# 测试继承关系
from shape import Shape
print(f"Circle is a Shape: {isinstance(circle, Shape)}")
print(f"Rectangle is a Shape: {isinstance(rectangle, Shape)}")
print(f"Triangle is a Shape: {isinstance(triangle, Shape)}")
print(f"UnknownShape is a Shape: {isinstance(unknown, Shape)}")
# 测试方法是否可用
print("\
Method availability:")
for shape_name, shape_obj in [("Circle", circle), ("Rectangle", rectangle),
("Triangle", triangle), ("UnknownShape", unknown)]:
print(f"{shape_name} has area(): {hasattr(shape_obj, 'area')}")
print(f"{shape_name} has perimeter(): {hasattr(shape_obj, 'perimeter')}")
print(f"{shape_name} has describe(): {hasattr(shape_obj, 'describe')}")
def test_polymorphism():
calculator = ShapeCalculator()
# 创建包含不同形状的列表
shapes = [
Circle(5),
Rectangle(4, 6),
Triangle(3, 4, 5),
UnknownShape("Custom", 10)
]
print("Testing polymorphic behavior:")
for i, shape in enumerate(shapes, 1):
print(f"\
Shape {i}: {shape.__class__.__name__}")
results = calculator.process_shape(shape)
print(f"Results: {results}")
def test_duck_typing():
calculator = ShapeCalculator()
# 创建一个包含所需方法的全新类
class CustomDuckShape:
def __init__(self, name, factor):
self.name = name
self.factor = factor
def area(self):
return self.factor * 3
def perimeter(self):
return self.factor * 12
def describe(self):
return f"This is a {self.name} duck-typed shape with area {self.area()} and perimeter {self.perimeter()}"
def __str__(self):
return f"Custom {self.name} with factor {self.factor}"
# 用自定义的鸭子类型形状进行测试
duck_shape = CustomDuckShape("DuckTyped", 5)
print(f"Testing duck typing with: {duck_shape}")
results = calculator.process_shape(duck_shape)
print(f"Results: {results}")
# 与普通形状进行比较
circle = Circle(5)
print(f"\
Comparing with regular shape: {circle}")
results = calculator.process_shape(circle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
def test_invalid_inputs():
calculator = ShapeCalculator()
try:
# 用负半径进行测试
print("Testing Circle with negative radius:")
negative_circle = Circle(-5)
results = calculator.process_shape(negative_circle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error with negative circle: {e}")
try:
# 用无效三角形进行测试(三条边无法构成三角形)
print("\
Testing invalid Triangle (1, 1, 10):")
invalid_triangle = Triangle(1, 1, 10) # 不满足三角形不等式
results = calculator.process_shape(invalid_triangle)
print(f"Results: {results}")
# 检查面积计算结果是否有效
area = invalid_triangle.area()
if math.isnan(area) or not isinstance(area, float) or area <= 0:
print(f"Invalid triangle area: {area}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error with invalid triangle: {e}")
# 根据输入运行相应的测试
if test_case == "basic_functionality":
test_basic_functionality()
elif test_case == "edge_cases":
test_edge_cases()
elif test_case == "inheritance":
test_inheritance()
elif test_case == "polymorphism":
test_polymorphism()
elif test_case == "duck_typing":
test_duck_typing()
elif test_case == "invalid_inputs":
test_invalid_inputs()
else:
# 默认测试用例
test_basic_functionality()面向对象编程中的所有课
自己练习: Python 在线编译器