搜索功能

本课属于 Coddy Python 学习旅程的“面向对象编程”单元。第 58 课，共 64 课。

挑战

中等

在这个挑战中，你将实现一个带有图书搜索功能的图书馆管理系统。

你将使用 3 个可编辑文件：

book.py - 包含 Book 类的定义
user.py - 包含 User 类的定义
library.py - 包含 Library 类，你将在其中实现搜索功能

按照每个文件中的 TODO 注释，实现所需功能。你的主要任务是在 Library 类中添加一个 search_by_title 方法，用于以不区分大小写的方式搜索图书标题。

亲手试试

from book import Book
from user import User
from library import Library
import time

# 综合测试用例处理程序
test_case = input()

if test_case == "search_match":
    library = Library("Community Library")
    
    # 添加一些书
    library.add_book(Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "123456"))
    library.add_book(Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", "789012"))
    library.add_book(Book("Great Expectations", "Charles Dickens", "345678"))
    
    # 搜索书籍
    search_term = "great"
    found_books = library.search_by_title(search_term)
    
    print(f"Found {len(found_books)} books matching '{search_term}':")
    for book in found_books:
        print(f"- {book.title} by {book.author}")

elif test_case == "search_no_match":
    library = Library("Community Library")
    
    # 添加一些书
    library.add_book(Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "123456"))
    library.add_book(Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", "789012"))
    
    # 搜索书籍
    search_term = "nonexistent"
    found_books = library.search_by_title(search_term)
    
    print(f"Found {len(found_books)} books matching '{search_term}'")

elif test_case == "case_insensitive":
    library = Library("Community Library")
    
    # 添加一些书
    library.add_book(Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "123456"))
    library.add_book(Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", "789012"))
    
    # 使用不同的大小写形式搜索
    search_terms = ["GREAT", "great", "Great", "gReAt"]
    
    for term in search_terms:
        found_books = library.search_by_title(term)
        print(f"Search for '{term}': {len(found_books)} book(s) found")

elif test_case == "empty_search":
    library = Library("Community Library")
    
    # 添加一些书
    library.add_book(Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "123456"))
    library.add_book(Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", "789012"))
    library.add_book(Book("Great Expectations", "Charles Dickens", "345678"))
    
    # 使用空字符串搜索
    search_term = ""
    found_books = library.search_by_title(search_term)
    
    print(f"Empty search returned {len(found_books)} books (should be all books)")
    print(f"Library has {len(library.books)} total books")

elif test_case == "empty_library":
    library = Library("Empty Library")
    
    # 在空库中搜索
    search_term = "anything"
    found_books = library.search_by_title(search_term)
    
    print(f"Search in empty library returned {len(found_books)} books")

elif test_case == "special_characters":
    library = Library("Special Characters Library")
    
    # 添加书名含特殊字符的书
    library.add_book(Book("Harry Potter & the Sorcerer's Stone", "J.K. Rowling", "111111"))
    library.add_book(Book("The C++ Programming Language", "Bjarne Stroustrup", "222222"))
    library.add_book(Book("The !@#$%^& Book", "Special Author", "333333"))
    
    # 搜索特殊字符
    special_terms = ["&", "++", "!@#"]
    
    for term in special_terms:
        found_books = library.search_by_title(term)
        print(f"Search for '{term}': {len(found_books)} book(s) found")
        for book in found_books:
            print(f"- {book.title}")

elif test_case == "performance_test":
    library = Library("Large Library")
    
    # 添加大量书籍（100 本）
    for i in range(1, 101):
        if i % 10 == 0:  # 每第 10 本书的书名中都包含 "performance"
            library.add_book(Book(f"Performance Book #{i}", f"Author {i}", str(i)))
        else:
            library.add_book(Book(f"Book #{i}", f"Author {i}", str(i)))
    
    # 测量搜索时间
    start_time = time.time()
    search_term = "performance"
    found_books = library.search_by_title(search_term)
    end_time = time.time()
    
    print(f"Found {len(found_books)} books with '{search_term}' in the title")
    print(f"Search took {end_time - start_time:.6f} seconds")
    print(f"First matching book: {found_books[0].title if found_books else 'None'}")