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回顾:学生记录系统

本课属于 Coddy Python 学习旅程的“面向对象编程”单元。第 32 课,共 64 课。

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挑战

中等

在这个挑战中,你将实现一个完整的学生记录管理系统。

你需要编辑两个文件来完成这个挑战:

  • student.py:实现具有适当封装的 Student 类
  • studentregistry.py:实现用于管理学生的 StudentRegistry 类

按照每个文件中的详细 TODO 注释逐步完成。我们会使用全面的测试用例测试你的实现,以验证:

  • 属性验证和错误处理是否正确
  • 成绩平均值的计算是否正确
  • 注册表在各种学生场景下的功能
  • 边界条件和边缘情况

亲手试试

from student import Student
from studentregistry import StudentRegistry
import time
import random

# 用于全面测试的测试用例处理程序
test_case = input()

if test_case == "default_test":
    # 创建学生
    student1 = Student(1001, "Alice Smith")
    student2 = Student(1002, "Bob Johnson")
    student3 = Student(1003, "Charlie Brown")

    # 添加成绩
    student1.add_grade("Math", 90)
    student1.add_grade("Science", 85)
    student1.add_grade("English", 92)

    student2.add_grade("Math", 78)
    student2.add_grade("Science", 80)
    student2.add_grade("English", 85)

    student3.add_grade("Math", 95)
    student3.add_grade("Science", 91)
    student3.add_grade("English", 89)

    # 显示学生记录
    print("Student Records:")
    student1.display_record()
    print()
    student2.display_record()
    print()
    student3.display_record()
    print()

    # 测试姓名验证
    try:
        student1.name = "J"  # 太短了
    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"Name validation error: {e}")
    print()

    # 创建学生注册表并添加学生
    registry = StudentRegistry()
    registry.add_student(student1)
    registry.add_student(student2)
    registry.add_student(student3)

    # 显示所有学生
    print("All Students in Registry:")
    registry.display_all()
    print()

    # 获取成绩最好的学生
    top_student = registry.get_top_student()
    print(f"Top Student: {top_student.name} (Average: {top_student.grade_average})")

    # 移除一名学生
    registry.remove_student(1002)  # 移除 Bob
    print("\
After removing student 1002:")
    registry.display_all()

elif test_case == "empty_registry":
    # 测试空的学生注册表
    registry = StudentRegistry()
    top_student = registry.get_top_student()
    if top_student is None:
        print("Top student in empty registry: None")
    print("Displaying all students in empty registry:")
    registry.display_all()  # 不应显示任何内容

elif test_case == "validation_tests":
    # 测试所有验证规则
    student = Student(1001, "Valid Name")
    print(f"Created student with name: {student.name}")
    
    # 测试空姓名
    try:
        student.name = ""
    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"Empty name test: {e}")
    
    # 测试只有一个字符的姓名
    try:
        student.name = "A"
    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"Single character name test: {e}")
    
    # 测试 enrolled 的非布尔值
    try:
        student.enrolled = "yes"
    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"Non-boolean enrolled test: {e}")
    
    # 测试有效的修改
    student.name = "New Valid Name"
    student.enrolled = False
    print(f"After valid changes - Name: {student.name}, Enrolled: {student.enrolled}")

elif test_case == "grade_calculation":
    # 测试平均成绩的计算
    student = Student(1001, "Test Student")
    print(f"Student with no grades - Average: {student.grade_average}")
    
    # 添加一门成绩
    student.add_grade("Math", 85)
    print(f"Student with one grade - Average: {student.grade_average}")
    
    # 添加更多成绩
    student.add_grade("Science", 90)
    student.add_grade("English", 95)
    print(f"Student with multiple grades - Average: {student.grade_average}")

elif test_case == "registry_operations":
    # 测试所有学生注册表操作
    registry = StudentRegistry()
    
    # 创建学生
    student1 = Student(101, "Student One")
    student2 = Student(102, "Student Two")
    
    # 添加学生
    registry.add_student(student1)
    registry.add_student(student2)
    print("After adding students:")
    registry.display_all()
    
    # 获取学生
    retrieved_student = registry.get_student(101)
    print(f"\
Retrieved student 101: {retrieved_student.name if retrieved_student else None}")
    
    # 获取不存在的学生
    non_existent = registry.get_student(999)
    print(f"Retrieved student 999: {non_existent}")
    
    # 移除学生
    registry.remove_student(101)
    print("\
After removing student 101:")
    registry.display_all()
    
    # 移除不存在的学生(不应引发错误)
    registry.remove_student(999)
    print("\
After attempting to remove non-existent student 999:")
    registry.display_all()

elif test_case == "large_registry":
    # 测试学生人数较多时的性能
    start_time = time.time()
    registry = StudentRegistry()
    
    # 创建 100 名学生,并为他们生成随机成绩
    for i in range(1, 101):
        student = Student(1000 + i, f"Student {i}")
        # 添加 5 个随机成绩
        for j in range(5):
            student.add_grade(f"Course {j+1}", random.randint(60, 100))
        registry.add_student(student)
    
    creation_time = time.time() - start_time
    print(f"Time to create 100 students: {creation_time:.4f} seconds")
    
    # 找出成绩最好的学生
    start_time = time.time()
    top_student = registry.get_top_student()
    top_time = time.time() - start_time
    print(f"Time to find top student: {top_time:.4f} seconds")
    print(f"Top student: {top_student.name} with average {top_student.grade_average:.2f}")
    
    # 手动找出成绩最好的 5 名学生
    print("\
Top 5 students:")
    students_list = []
    for i in range(1, 101):
        student = registry.get_student(1000 + i)
        students_list.append(student)
    
    # 按平均成绩降序排序
    students_list.sort(key=lambda s: s.grade_average, reverse=True)
    
    # 显示成绩最好的 5 名学生
    for i in range(5):
        student = students_list[i]
        print(f"{i+1}. {student.name}: {student.grade_average:.2f}")

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