回顾:学生记录系统
本课属于 Coddy Python 学习旅程的“面向对象编程”单元。第 32 课,共 64 课。
挑战
中等在这个挑战中,你将实现一个完整的学生记录管理系统。
你需要编辑两个文件来完成这个挑战:
student.py:实现具有适当封装的Student类studentregistry.py:实现用于管理学生的StudentRegistry类
按照每个文件中的详细 TODO 注释逐步完成。我们会使用全面的测试用例测试你的实现,以验证:
- 属性验证和错误处理是否正确
- 成绩平均值的计算是否正确
- 注册表在各种学生场景下的功能
- 边界条件和边缘情况
亲手试试
from student import Student
from studentregistry import StudentRegistry
import time
import random
# 用于全面测试的测试用例处理程序
test_case = input()
if test_case == "default_test":
# 创建学生
student1 = Student(1001, "Alice Smith")
student2 = Student(1002, "Bob Johnson")
student3 = Student(1003, "Charlie Brown")
# 添加成绩
student1.add_grade("Math", 90)
student1.add_grade("Science", 85)
student1.add_grade("English", 92)
student2.add_grade("Math", 78)
student2.add_grade("Science", 80)
student2.add_grade("English", 85)
student3.add_grade("Math", 95)
student3.add_grade("Science", 91)
student3.add_grade("English", 89)
# 显示学生记录
print("Student Records:")
student1.display_record()
print()
student2.display_record()
print()
student3.display_record()
print()
# 测试姓名验证
try:
student1.name = "J" # 太短了
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Name validation error: {e}")
print()
# 创建学生注册表并添加学生
registry = StudentRegistry()
registry.add_student(student1)
registry.add_student(student2)
registry.add_student(student3)
# 显示所有学生
print("All Students in Registry:")
registry.display_all()
print()
# 获取成绩最好的学生
top_student = registry.get_top_student()
print(f"Top Student: {top_student.name} (Average: {top_student.grade_average})")
# 移除一名学生
registry.remove_student(1002) # 移除 Bob
print("\
After removing student 1002:")
registry.display_all()
elif test_case == "empty_registry":
# 测试空的学生注册表
registry = StudentRegistry()
top_student = registry.get_top_student()
if top_student is None:
print("Top student in empty registry: None")
print("Displaying all students in empty registry:")
registry.display_all() # 不应显示任何内容
elif test_case == "validation_tests":
# 测试所有验证规则
student = Student(1001, "Valid Name")
print(f"Created student with name: {student.name}")
# 测试空姓名
try:
student.name = ""
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Empty name test: {e}")
# 测试只有一个字符的姓名
try:
student.name = "A"
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Single character name test: {e}")
# 测试 enrolled 的非布尔值
try:
student.enrolled = "yes"
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Non-boolean enrolled test: {e}")
# 测试有效的修改
student.name = "New Valid Name"
student.enrolled = False
print(f"After valid changes - Name: {student.name}, Enrolled: {student.enrolled}")
elif test_case == "grade_calculation":
# 测试平均成绩的计算
student = Student(1001, "Test Student")
print(f"Student with no grades - Average: {student.grade_average}")
# 添加一门成绩
student.add_grade("Math", 85)
print(f"Student with one grade - Average: {student.grade_average}")
# 添加更多成绩
student.add_grade("Science", 90)
student.add_grade("English", 95)
print(f"Student with multiple grades - Average: {student.grade_average}")
elif test_case == "registry_operations":
# 测试所有学生注册表操作
registry = StudentRegistry()
# 创建学生
student1 = Student(101, "Student One")
student2 = Student(102, "Student Two")
# 添加学生
registry.add_student(student1)
registry.add_student(student2)
print("After adding students:")
registry.display_all()
# 获取学生
retrieved_student = registry.get_student(101)
print(f"\
Retrieved student 101: {retrieved_student.name if retrieved_student else None}")
# 获取不存在的学生
non_existent = registry.get_student(999)
print(f"Retrieved student 999: {non_existent}")
# 移除学生
registry.remove_student(101)
print("\
After removing student 101:")
registry.display_all()
# 移除不存在的学生(不应引发错误)
registry.remove_student(999)
print("\
After attempting to remove non-existent student 999:")
registry.display_all()
elif test_case == "large_registry":
# 测试学生人数较多时的性能
start_time = time.time()
registry = StudentRegistry()
# 创建 100 名学生,并为他们生成随机成绩
for i in range(1, 101):
student = Student(1000 + i, f"Student {i}")
# 添加 5 个随机成绩
for j in range(5):
student.add_grade(f"Course {j+1}", random.randint(60, 100))
registry.add_student(student)
creation_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"Time to create 100 students: {creation_time:.4f} seconds")
# 找出成绩最好的学生
start_time = time.time()
top_student = registry.get_top_student()
top_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"Time to find top student: {top_time:.4f} seconds")
print(f"Top student: {top_student.name} with average {top_student.grade_average:.2f}")
# 手动找出成绩最好的 5 名学生
print("\
Top 5 students:")
students_list = []
for i in range(1, 101):
student = registry.get_student(1000 + i)
students_list.append(student)
# 按平均成绩降序排序
students_list.sort(key=lambda s: s.grade_average, reverse=True)
# 显示成绩最好的 5 名学生
for i in range(5):
student = students_list[i]
print(f"{i+1}. {student.name}: {student.grade_average:.2f}")面向对象编程中的所有课
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