Recap - Matrix Class

Let's build a Matrix class that brings together all the operator overloading techniques you've learned in this chapter. You'll create a fully-featured matrix that supports arithmetic operations, comparisons, element access, and stream output — all through intuitive operator syntax.

You'll organize your code across two files:

• Matrix.h: Define a Matrix class that manages a 2D array of integers using dynamic memory. Your matrix should support:
  • Private members: a int** pointer for the 2D data, and size_t members for rows and columns
  • A constructor that takes rows and columns, initializing all elements to 0
  • A destructor that properly frees all allocated memory
  • A copy constructor and copy assignment operator (deep copy with self-assignment check)
  • Getters getRows() and getCols() (both const)
  • A set(row, col, value) method to set individual elements
  • A get(row, col) const method to retrieve elements

  Implement these operators:

  • Arithmetic: + and - for matrix addition and subtraction (return new Matrix by value)
  • Comparison: == and != to check if two matrices have the same dimensions and identical elements
  • Stream: << as a friend function to output the matrix row by row, with elements separated by spaces and each row on a new line
  • Subscript: [] that returns a pointer to a row, allowing matrix[row][col] syntax (provide both const and non-const versions)

  For arithmetic operators, assume both matrices have the same dimensions. Comparison operators should return false if dimensions differ.

• main.cpp: Read input to create and manipulate two 2x2 matrices. The input format is:
  1. Four integers for the first matrix (row by row): a00, a01, a10, a11
  2. Four integers for the second matrix (row by row): b00, b01, b10, b11

  Create two Matrix objects (2 rows, 2 columns each), populate them using the set() method, then demonstrate your operators:

  Output format:

  Matrix A:
  <row0>
  <row1>
  Matrix B:
  <row0>
  <row1>
  A + B:
  <row0>
  <row1>
  A - B:
  <row0>
  <row1>
  A == B: <true/false>
  A != B: <true/false>
  A[0][0]: <value>
  A[1][1]: <value>

  Each row should display elements separated by single spaces. Print true or false (lowercase) for comparison results.

For example, with inputs 1 2 3 4 for Matrix A and 5 6 7 8 for Matrix B:

Matrix A:
1 2
3 4
Matrix B:
5 6
7 8
A + B:
6 8
10 12
A - B:
-4 -4
-4 -4
A == B: false
A != B: true
A[0][0]: 1
A[1][1]: 4

Use std::stoi() for input conversion. Remember to implement != in terms of == to keep your operators consistent. Don't forget header guards in your header file.