习惯追踪器：添加习惯

本课属于 Coddy Flutter 学习旅程的“项目”单元。第 33 课，共 36 课。

每个人记录的习惯都不一样，所以应用需要一种添加习惯的方式。角落里的圆形 FloatingActionButton 会打开一个对话框，让你输入习惯名称。

showDialog 会返回一个 Future，其中包含对话框弹出的值。这里，点击“添加”时，对话框弹出 true，点击“取消”时弹出 false，输入框会通过 onChanged 将你输入的内容写入变量：

String name = '';
final added = await showDialog<bool>(
  context: context,
  builder: (context) => AlertDialog(
    title: const Text('New habit'),
    content: TextField(onChanged: (value) => name = value, ...),
    actions: [...],
  ),
);
if (added != true || name.trim().isEmpty) return;

added 的类型是 bool?：点按对话框外部会将其关闭，并返回 null。added != true 可以同时处理点击“取消”和这种情况。

新习惯从一个全新的星期开始：List.filled(7, false)。不要用 const [false, ...]：const 列表永远无法更改，所以第一次勾选就会让应用停止运行。

挑战

困难

添加习惯：

给 Scaffold 添加一个 FloatingActionButton，其中使用 Icons.add，并调用 _addHabit
编写 Future<void> _addHabit() async：显示一个标题为 New habit 的 AlertDialog，其中包含一个标签为 Habit name 的 TextField（设置 autofocus: true）、一个 Cancel TextButton 和一个 Add FilledButton
点击 Add 后，如果名称不为空白，就使用去除首尾空白后的名称添加一个习惯，并将这一周设为空

亲手试试

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      theme: ThemeData(
        colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed(seedColor: Colors.green),
      ),
      home: const HabitScreen(),
    );
  }
}

const List<String> dayNames = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'];

class Habit {
  Habit(this.name, this.days);

  final String name;
  final List<bool> days;

  int get done => days.where((day) => day).length;

  int get streak {
    int best = 0;
    int run = 0;
    for (bool day in days) {
      if (day) {
        run++;
        if (run > best) best = run;
      } else {
        run = 0;
      }
    }
    return best;
  }
}

class HabitScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const HabitScreen({super.key});

  @override
  State<HabitScreen> createState() => _HabitScreenState();
}

class _HabitScreenState extends State<HabitScreen> {
  final List<Habit> _habits = [
    Habit('Drink water', [true, true, true, false, true, false, false]),
    Habit('Read 10 pages', [true, false, true, true, false, false, false]),
    Habit('Stretch', List.filled(7, false)),
  ];

  void _toggle(Habit habit, int day) {
    setState(() {
      habit.days[day] = !habit.days[day];
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Habits')),
      body: ListView(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(16, 8, 16, 88),
        children: [
          for (Habit habit in _habits)
            HabitCard(
              habit: habit,
              onToggle: (day) => _toggle(habit, day),
            ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

class HabitCard extends StatelessWidget {
  const HabitCard({super.key, required this.habit, required this.onToggle});

  final Habit habit;
  final void Function(int day) onToggle;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final textTheme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;
    return Card(
      margin: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 12),
      clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
      child: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
          children: [
            Row(
              children: [
                Expanded(child: Text(habit.name, style: textTheme.titleMedium)),
                Text('${habit.done} of 7 days', style: textTheme.bodySmall),
              ],
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 12),
            Row(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
              children: [
                for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
                  DayCircle(
                    label: dayNames[i],
                    done: habit.days[i],
                    onTap: () => onToggle(i),
                  ),
              ],
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 12),
            Row(
              children: [
                Icon(
                  Icons.local_fire_department,
                  size: 20,
                  color: habit.streak > 0 ? Colors.orange : Theme.of(context).colorScheme.outline,
                ),
                const SizedBox(width: 4),
                Text(habit.streak == 0 ? 'No streak yet' : '${habit.streak} day streak'),
              ],
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class DayCircle extends StatelessWidget {
  const DayCircle({super.key, required this.label, required this.done, required this.onTap});

  final String label;
  final bool done;
  final VoidCallback onTap;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final colors = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: onTap,
      child: Container(
        width: 40,
        height: 40,
        alignment: Alignment.center,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          shape: BoxShape.circle,
          color: done ? colors.primary : colors.surfaceContainerHighest,
        ),
        child: Text(
          label,
          style: TextStyle(
            fontSize: 11,
            fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
            color: done ? colors.onPrimary : colors.onSurfaceVariant,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}