Comandos do Git
Uma referência prática dos comandos do Git que você usa todos os dias: criar branches, desfazer, mesclar e fazer rebase, e sincronizar com um remoto. Cada comando traz a sintaxe, as flags que importam e exemplos para copiar e colar que você pode executar ao vivo no playground do terminal.
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Configuração e início
Inicie um repositório e configure o Git: init, config, remotes.
git initCreate a new Git repository in the current folder.git remoteList, add, rename, and change the remote repositories your repo points at.git submoduleEmbed one repository inside another and keep it pinned to a specific commit.git cloneCopy a remote repository, with all its history, to your machine.git clone branchClone only a specific branch of a repository, or a single branch only.git configSet your name, email, editor, and other Git settings - globally or per repo.
Preparação e commit
Registre as mudanças no histórico: add, commit e amend.
Branches
Crie, troque, renomeie e exclua branches para trabalhar nas mudanças de forma isolada.
git delete local branchDelete a local branch once its work is merged - and force-delete when it is not.git rename branchRename the branch you are on, or any other branch, locally and on the remote.git create branchCreate a new branch and switch to it, from the current commit or any starting point.git checkoutSwitch branches, restore files, or check out a specific commit.git checkout remote branchFetch and check out a branch that exists on the remote but not yet locally.git branchList, create, rename, and delete branches - the core branch command.git worktreeCheck out multiple branches at once in separate working directories.
Desfazer alterações
Recupere-se de erros: reset, revert e desfaça commits com segurança.
git undo commitUndo any commit - an older one, several at once, or one that is already pushed.git resetMove HEAD and choose what happens to the index and working tree: --soft, --mixed, --hard.git revertUndo a commit safely by adding a new commit that reverses it - the right choice for pushed history.git undo last commitUndo just the most recent commit - keep the work, discard it, or reverse it if it was pushed.git reset --hardForce your branch and working tree back to a commit, discarding all changes since it.git stashShelve your uncommitted changes so you can switch context, then reapply them later.git reflogSee everywhere HEAD has been - and recover commits you thought were lost.
Merge e rebase
Combine o trabalho de duas branches com merge, rebase, squash e cherry-pick.
git rebase vs mergeTwo ways to combine branches: a merge commit that preserves history, or a linear replay.git squash commitsCombine several commits into one with interactive rebase for a clean history.git abort mergeCancel a merge in progress and return the branch to the state before you started.git cherry-pickApply a specific commit from one branch onto another, without merging the whole branch.git mergeCombine another branch into your current one, with or without a merge commit.git rebaseReplay your commits on top of another branch for a clean, linear history.
Remotos
Sincronize seu repositório local com um remoto como o GitHub: push, pull, fetch.
git fetch vs pullThe difference between downloading remote changes and downloading-and-merging them.git force pushOverwrite the remote branch with your local history - and do it safely with --force-with-lease.git pullDownload remote changes and merge them into your current branch in one step.git pushUpload your commits to a remote and set the upstream branch.git delete remote branchDelete a branch on the remote (GitHub) once it is merged - and locally too.git set upstreamLink a local branch to a remote branch so push and pull need no arguments.git pull remote branchPull changes from a specific remote branch into your current branch.
Inspeção e limpeza
Veja o que mudou e limpe a árvore de trabalho: status, log, diff, clean.
git remove untracked filesClean untracked files and directories out of the working tree with git clean.git tagMark a commit with a version tag, and push tags to the remote.git statusSee which files are staged, modified, or untracked in your working tree.git diffSee exactly what changed - unstaged, staged, between commits or branches.git bisectBinary-search your history to find the commit that introduced a bug.git logBrowse commit history, with a compact one-line and graph view.
Desfazer alterações: qual comando?
Quatro comandos desfazem o trabalho de formas diferentes. Escolha pelo que você quer manter e se o commit já foi enviado:
- git reset - volta sua branch e reescreve o histórico. Melhor para commits locais que ainda não foram enviados.
- git revert - adiciona um novo commit que desfaz um anterior. A escolha segura para commits que outros já baixaram.
- git checkout - troca de branch ou restaura um arquivo para uma versão anterior.
- git stash - guarda as alterações sem fazer commit e as reaplica mais tarde.