Pintu Terkunci

Termasuk bagian Dunia Game dalam perjalanan Pygame di Coddy. Pelajaran 34 dari 35.

Sebuah pintu menutup terowongan di dekat ujung gua, dan sebuah kunci tergeletak di lantai di depannya. Pintu itu terdiri dari dua tile D. Tambahkan Rect pintu itu ke walls, agar kode tabrakan menghentikan pemain, dan ke tiles dengan door_img, agar pintu itu digambar. Simpan juga pintu itu dalam list doors.

Tile K adalah kuncinya, berupa satu Rect bernama key. Saat pemain menyentuhnya, nilai has_key = True akan ditetapkan. Setelah itu, kunci digambar di bilah atas, bukan di lantai.

Pemain yang terdorong hingga menempel pada pintu menyentuhnya, tetapi tidak tumpang tindih dengannya, jadi lakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan Rect yang 4 piksel lebih lebar di setiap sisi:

if has_key and doors and player.inflate(8, 0).colliderect(doors[0]):
    for door in doors:
        walls.remove(door)
    tiles = [(image, rect) for image, rect in tiles if rect not in doors]
    doors = []

Pintu dihapus dari kedua list, sehingga tidak lagi menjadi penghalang atau digambar. Pemahaman list membuat tiles baru yang berisi setiap pasangan dengan Rect yang bukan pintu.

Tantangan

Sulit

Muat key.png dan door.png ke dalam key_img dan door_img; buat doors = [] dan has_key = False.
Dalam perulangan peta: untuk K, key = rect; untuk D, tambahkan Rect ke walls dan doors, serta (door_img, rect) ke tiles.
Setiap frame, setelah blob: menyentuh key menetapkan has_key = True; jika memiliki kunci, menyentuh pintu akan menghapus semua pintu seperti yang ditunjukkan.
Gambar kunci pada koordinat x-nya dikurangi camera_x saat has_key bernilai False, dan pada (130, 8) setelah nilainya True.

Coba sendiri

import pygame

TILE = 36
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 576, 360
SPEED = 4
GRAVITY = 1
JUMP = -15
MAX_FALL = 12

LEVEL = [
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "#..............................................................#",
    "#....................C.........................#####...........#",
    "#......CC...C................CC.....CC.........#####.....CC....#",
    "#....................#.........................D...............#",
    "#.P.........#...E....#...^.......K......E......D.C....^......F.#",
    "#######..####################..##########################..#####",
]

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Moss Caves")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font("assets/fonts/pixel.ttf", 24)


def load(name):
    return pygame.image.load("assets/images/" + name).convert_alpha()


background = pygame.image.load("assets/backgrounds/forest.png").convert_alpha()
grass_img = load("grass.png")
grass_left_img = load("grass_left.png")
grass_right_img = load("grass_right.png")
dirt_img = load("dirt.png")
player_img = load("player.png")
coin_img = load("coin.png")
spikes_img = load("spikes.png")
heart_img = load("heart.png")
heart_empty_img = load("heart_empty.png")
blob_img = load("blob.png")
blob_walk_img = load("blob_walk.png")


def solid(row, col):
    if row < 0 or row >= len(LEVEL) or col < 0 or col >= len(LEVEL[0]):
        return False
    return LEVEL[row][col] == "#"


class Blob(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, midbottom):
        super().__init__()
        self.frames = [blob_img, blob_walk_img]
        self.image = blob_img
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 30, 26)
        self.rect.midbottom = midbottom
        self.direction = 1
        self.timer = 0

    def update(self):
        self.timer += 1
        self.image = self.frames[self.timer // 10 % 2]
        self.rect.x += self.direction
        if self.direction > 0:
            ahead = self.rect.right
        else:
            ahead = self.rect.left - 1
        hit_wall = any(self.rect.colliderect(wall) for wall in walls)
        ground_ahead = any(wall.collidepoint(ahead, self.rect.bottom) for wall in walls)
        if hit_wall or not ground_ahead:
            self.rect.x -= self.direction
            self.direction = -self.direction


walls = []
tiles = []
coins = []
spikes = []
blobs = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row, line in enumerate(LEVEL):
    for col, char in enumerate(line):
        rect = pygame.Rect(col * TILE, row * TILE, TILE, TILE)
        if char == "#":
            if solid(row - 1, col):
                image = dirt_img
            elif not solid(row, col - 1) and solid(row, col + 1):
                image = grass_left_img
            elif solid(row, col - 1) and not solid(row, col + 1):
                image = grass_right_img
            else:
                image = grass_img
            walls.append(rect)
            tiles.append((image, rect))
        elif char == "P":
            start = rect.midbottom
        elif char == "C":
            coins.append(rect)
        elif char == "^":
            spikes.append(pygame.Rect(rect.x, rect.y + 18, TILE, 18))
        elif char == "E":
            blobs.add(Blob(rect.midbottom))

level_width = len(LEVEL[0]) * TILE
player = player_img.get_rect(midbottom=start)
vel_y = 0
on_ground = False
camera_x = 0
coins_collected = 0
lives = 3

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key in (pygame.K_SPACE, pygame.K_UP):
            if on_ground:
                vel_y = JUMP
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key in (pygame.K_SPACE, pygame.K_UP):
            if vel_y < -4:
                vel_y = -4

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    dx = 0
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
        dx -= SPEED
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
        dx += SPEED

    player.x += dx
    for wall in walls:
        if player.colliderect(wall):
            if dx > 0:
                player.right = wall.left
            elif dx < 0:
                player.left = wall.right

    vel_y = min(vel_y + GRAVITY, MAX_FALL)
    player.y += vel_y
    on_ground = False
    for wall in walls:
        if player.colliderect(wall):
            if vel_y > 0:
                player.bottom = wall.top
                on_ground = True
            elif vel_y < 0:
                player.top = wall.bottom
            vel_y = 0

    hurt = False
    if player.top > HEIGHT:
        hurt = True

    for coin in coins[:]:
        if player.colliderect(coin):
            coins.remove(coin)
            coins_collected += 1
    for spike in spikes:
        if player.colliderect(spike):
            hurt = True

    blobs.update()
    for blob in blobs:
        if player.colliderect(blob.rect):
            if vel_y > 0 and player.bottom < blob.rect.centery:
                blob.kill()
                vel_y = -8
            else:
                hurt = True

    if hurt:
        lives -= 1
        player.midbottom = start
        vel_y = 0

    camera_x = player.centerx - WIDTH // 2
    camera_x = max(0, min(camera_x, level_width - WIDTH))

    shift = camera_x // 3 % 72
    for y in range(0, HEIGHT, 72):
        for x in range(-shift, WIDTH, 72):
            screen.blit(background, (x, y))
    for image, rect in tiles:
        screen.blit(image, (rect.x - camera_x, rect.y))
    for coin in coins:
        screen.blit(coin_img, (coin.x - camera_x, coin.y))
    for spike in spikes:
        screen.blit(spikes_img, (spike.x - camera_x, spike.y - 18))
    for blob in blobs:
        spot = blob.image.get_rect(midbottom=(blob.rect.centerx - camera_x, blob.rect.bottom))
        screen.blit(blob.image, spot)
    screen.blit(player_img, (player.x - camera_x, player.y))
    for i in range(3):
        if i < lives:
            screen.blit(heart_img, (10 + i * 40, 8))
        else:
            screen.blit(heart_empty_img, (10 + i * 40, 8))
    text = font.render(f"Coins: {coins_collected}", True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(text, text.get_rect(topright=(WIDTH - 12, 14)))
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()