Komendy Git

Praktyczna ściąga z komend Git, których używasz na co dzień: gałęzie, cofanie zmian, scalanie i rebase oraz synchronizacja ze zdalnym repozytorium. Każda komenda ma składnię, najważniejsze flagi i przykłady do skopiowania, które uruchomisz na żywo w terminalu online.

Wolisz jedną stronę do wydruku? Zobacz ściągę z Gita.

Start i konfiguracja

Załóż repozytorium i skonfiguruj Gita: init, config, remote.

git initCreate a new Git repository in the current folder.git remoteList, add, rename, and change the remote repositories your repo points at.git submoduleEmbed one repository inside another and keep it pinned to a specific commit.git cloneCopy a remote repository, with all its history, to your machine.git clone branchClone only a specific branch of a repository, or a single branch only.git configSet your name, email, editor, and other Git settings - globally or per repo.

Poczekalnia i commity

Zapisuj zmiany w historii: add, commit i amend.

git commitRecord staged changes into the project history with a message.git commit --amendFix the most recent commit - change its message or add forgotten files.git addStage changes for the next commit - a file, everything, or selected chunks.

Gałęzie

Twórz, przełączaj, zmieniaj nazwy i usuwaj gałęzie, żeby pracować nad zmianami w izolacji.

git delete local branchDelete a local branch once its work is merged - and force-delete when it is not.git rename branchRename the branch you are on, or any other branch, locally and on the remote.git create branchCreate a new branch and switch to it, from the current commit or any starting point.git checkoutSwitch branches, restore files, or check out a specific commit.git checkout remote branchFetch and check out a branch that exists on the remote but not yet locally.git branchList, create, rename, and delete branches - the core branch command.git worktreeCheck out multiple branches at once in separate working directories.

Cofanie zmian

Naprawiaj pomyłki: bezpiecznie resetuj, odwracaj i cofaj commity.

git undo commitUndo any commit - an older one, several at once, or one that is already pushed.git resetMove HEAD and choose what happens to the index and working tree: --soft, --mixed, --hard.git revertUndo a commit safely by adding a new commit that reverses it - the right choice for pushed history.git undo last commitUndo just the most recent commit - keep the work, discard it, or reverse it if it was pushed.git reset --hardForce your branch and working tree back to a commit, discarding all changes since it.git stashShelve your uncommitted changes so you can switch context, then reapply them later.git reflogSee everywhere HEAD has been - and recover commits you thought were lost.

Scalanie i rebase

Łącz pracę z dwóch gałęzi za pomocą merge, rebase, squash i cherry-pick.

git rebase vs mergeTwo ways to combine branches: a merge commit that preserves history, or a linear replay.git squash commitsCombine several commits into one with interactive rebase for a clean history.git abort mergeCancel a merge in progress and return the branch to the state before you started.git cherry-pickApply a specific commit from one branch onto another, without merging the whole branch.git mergeCombine another branch into your current one, with or without a merge commit.git rebaseReplay your commits on top of another branch for a clean, linear history.

Zdalne repozytoria

Synchronizuj lokalne repozytorium ze zdalnym, np. na GitHubie: push, pull, fetch.

git fetch vs pullThe difference between downloading remote changes and downloading-and-merging them.git force pushOverwrite the remote branch with your local history - and do it safely with --force-with-lease.git pullDownload remote changes and merge them into your current branch in one step.git pushUpload your commits to a remote and set the upstream branch.git delete remote branchDelete a branch on the remote (GitHub) once it is merged - and locally too.git set upstreamLink a local branch to a remote branch so push and pull need no arguments.git pull remote branchPull changes from a specific remote branch into your current branch.

Podgląd i porządki

Sprawdzaj, co się zmieniło, i porządkuj katalog roboczy: status, log, diff, clean.

git remove untracked filesClean untracked files and directories out of the working tree with git clean.git tagMark a commit with a version tag, and push tags to the remote.git statusSee which files are staged, modified, or untracked in your working tree.git diffSee exactly what changed - unstaged, staged, between commits or branches.git bisectBinary-search your history to find the commit that introduced a bug.git logBrowse commit history, with a compact one-line and graph view.

Cofanie zmian: której komendy użyć?

Cztery komendy cofają pracę na różne sposoby. Wybierz w zależności od tego, co chcesz zachować i czy commit jest już wypchnięty:

git reset - cofa gałąź i przepisuje historię. Najlepsze dla lokalnych, niewypchniętych commitów.
git revert - dodaje nowy commit, który odwraca wcześniejszy. Bezpieczny wybór dla commitów, które inni już pobrali.
git checkout - przełącza gałęzie lub przywraca plik do poprzedniej wersji.
git stash - odkłada zmiany na bok bez commitowania, żeby później je przywrócić.