Menu
CoddyTech

صل إلى العلم

جزء من قسم العوالم في رحلة Pygame على Coddy. الدرس 35 من 35.

تمنح الخطوة الأخيرة الكهف نهاية. تجاوز الباب للوصول إلى العلم وتفز؛ وإذا خسرت الحياة الثالثة تنتهي اللعبة.

المربع F هو العلم، وهو كائن Rect واحد اسمه flag. يؤدي لمسه إلى ضبط won = True. ضع كل ما يتحرك داخل شرط واحد، لكي تتوقف اللعبة عند أيٍّ من النهايتين:

if lives > 0 and not won:
    # المفاتيح، الحركة، العملات، الأخطار، الكتل الهلامية،
    # المفتاح، العلم والكاميرا

يبقى الرسم خارج الشرط: يظل الإطار الأخير على الشاشة، وتظهر النتيجة فوقه في المنتصف:

if won:
    message = font.render("You win!", True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(message, message.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, 150)))
elif lives == 0:
    message = font.render("Game over", True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(message, message.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, 150)))

العب اللعبة من البداية: الحفرة الأولى، والخطوة، والكتلة المتحركة، والأشواك، والمفتاح، والباب. ثم غيّر الخريطة واجعل الكهف خاصًا بك.

challenge icon

التحدي

متوسط
  1. حمّل flag.png إلى flag_img، واجعل won = False، وعند F في الخريطة عيّن flag = rect.
  2. في كل إطار، يؤدي لمس flag إلى تعيين won = True.
  3. أزِح الكتلة البرمجية بأكملها لتصبح داخل if lives > 0 and not won:.
  4. ارسم العلم عبر الكاميرا، واعرض You win! أو Game over في المنتصف عند (WIDTH // 2, 150).

جرّب بنفسك

import pygame

TILE = 36
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 576, 360
SPEED = 4
GRAVITY = 1
JUMP = -15
MAX_FALL = 12

LEVEL = [
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "................................................................",
    "#..............................................................#",
    "#....................C.........................#####...........#",
    "#......CC...C................CC.....CC.........#####.....CC....#",
    "#....................#.........................D...............#",
    "#.P.........#...E....#...^.......K......E......D.C....^......F.#",
    "#######..####################..##########################..#####",
]

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Moss Caves")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font("assets/fonts/pixel.ttf", 24)


def load(name):
    return pygame.image.load("assets/images/" + name).convert_alpha()


background = pygame.image.load("assets/backgrounds/forest.png").convert_alpha()
grass_img = load("grass.png")
grass_left_img = load("grass_left.png")
grass_right_img = load("grass_right.png")
dirt_img = load("dirt.png")
player_img = load("player.png")
coin_img = load("coin.png")
spikes_img = load("spikes.png")
heart_img = load("heart.png")
heart_empty_img = load("heart_empty.png")
blob_img = load("blob.png")
blob_walk_img = load("blob_walk.png")
key_img = load("key.png")
door_img = load("door.png")


def solid(row, col):
    if row < 0 or row >= len(LEVEL) or col < 0 or col >= len(LEVEL[0]):
        return False
    return LEVEL[row][col] == "#"


class Blob(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, midbottom):
        super().__init__()
        self.frames = [blob_img, blob_walk_img]
        self.image = blob_img
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 30, 26)
        self.rect.midbottom = midbottom
        self.direction = 1
        self.timer = 0

    def update(self):
        self.timer += 1
        self.image = self.frames[self.timer // 10 % 2]
        self.rect.x += self.direction
        if self.direction > 0:
            ahead = self.rect.right
        else:
            ahead = self.rect.left - 1
        hit_wall = any(self.rect.colliderect(wall) for wall in walls)
        ground_ahead = any(wall.collidepoint(ahead, self.rect.bottom) for wall in walls)
        if hit_wall or not ground_ahead:
            self.rect.x -= self.direction
            self.direction = -self.direction


walls = []
tiles = []
coins = []
spikes = []
blobs = pygame.sprite.Group()
doors = []
for row, line in enumerate(LEVEL):
    for col, char in enumerate(line):
        rect = pygame.Rect(col * TILE, row * TILE, TILE, TILE)
        if char == "#":
            if solid(row - 1, col):
                image = dirt_img
            elif not solid(row, col - 1) and solid(row, col + 1):
                image = grass_left_img
            elif solid(row, col - 1) and not solid(row, col + 1):
                image = grass_right_img
            else:
                image = grass_img
            walls.append(rect)
            tiles.append((image, rect))
        elif char == "P":
            start = rect.midbottom
        elif char == "C":
            coins.append(rect)
        elif char == "^":
            spikes.append(pygame.Rect(rect.x, rect.y + 18, TILE, 18))
        elif char == "E":
            blobs.add(Blob(rect.midbottom))
        elif char == "K":
            key = rect
        elif char == "D":
            walls.append(rect)
            tiles.append((door_img, rect))
            doors.append(rect)

level_width = len(LEVEL[0]) * TILE
player = player_img.get_rect(midbottom=start)
vel_y = 0
on_ground = False
camera_x = 0
coins_collected = 0
lives = 3
has_key = False

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key in (pygame.K_SPACE, pygame.K_UP):
            if on_ground:
                vel_y = JUMP
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key in (pygame.K_SPACE, pygame.K_UP):
            if vel_y < -4:
                vel_y = -4

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    dx = 0
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
        dx -= SPEED
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
        dx += SPEED

    player.x += dx
    for wall in walls:
        if player.colliderect(wall):
            if dx > 0:
                player.right = wall.left
            elif dx < 0:
                player.left = wall.right

    vel_y = min(vel_y + GRAVITY, MAX_FALL)
    player.y += vel_y
    on_ground = False
    for wall in walls:
        if player.colliderect(wall):
            if vel_y > 0:
                player.bottom = wall.top
                on_ground = True
            elif vel_y < 0:
                player.top = wall.bottom
            vel_y = 0

    hurt = False
    if player.top > HEIGHT:
        hurt = True

    for coin in coins[:]:
        if player.colliderect(coin):
            coins.remove(coin)
            coins_collected += 1
    for spike in spikes:
        if player.colliderect(spike):
            hurt = True

    blobs.update()
    for blob in blobs:
        if player.colliderect(blob.rect):
            if vel_y > 0 and player.bottom < blob.rect.centery:
                blob.kill()
                vel_y = -8
            else:
                hurt = True

    if not has_key and player.colliderect(key):
        has_key = True
    if has_key and doors and player.inflate(8, 0).colliderect(doors[0]):
        for door in doors:
            walls.remove(door)
        tiles = [(image, rect) for image, rect in tiles if rect not in doors]
        doors = []

    if hurt:
        lives -= 1
        player.midbottom = start
        vel_y = 0

    camera_x = player.centerx - WIDTH // 2
    camera_x = max(0, min(camera_x, level_width - WIDTH))

    shift = camera_x // 3 % 72
    for y in range(0, HEIGHT, 72):
        for x in range(-shift, WIDTH, 72):
            screen.blit(background, (x, y))
    for image, rect in tiles:
        screen.blit(image, (rect.x - camera_x, rect.y))
    for coin in coins:
        screen.blit(coin_img, (coin.x - camera_x, coin.y))
    for spike in spikes:
        screen.blit(spikes_img, (spike.x - camera_x, spike.y - 18))
    for blob in blobs:
        spot = blob.image.get_rect(midbottom=(blob.rect.centerx - camera_x, blob.rect.bottom))
        screen.blit(blob.image, spot)
    if not has_key:
        screen.blit(key_img, (key.x - camera_x, key.y))
    screen.blit(player_img, (player.x - camera_x, player.y))
    for i in range(3):
        if i < lives:
            screen.blit(heart_img, (10 + i * 40, 8))
        else:
            screen.blit(heart_empty_img, (10 + i * 40, 8))
    if has_key:
        screen.blit(key_img, (130, 8))
    text = font.render(f"Coins: {coins_collected}", True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(text, text.get_rect(topright=(WIDTH - 12, 14)))
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()

جميع دروس العوالم

تدرّب بنفسك: Playground لـ Pygame