Rayos

Lección 9 de 20 del curso Proyecto con Pygame: Defiende la fortaleza de Coddy.

La primera arma del caballero dispara por sí sola: cada 30 fotogramas, un rayo mágico vuela hacia el monstruo más cercano. Para encontrar al más cercano, conserva el mejor que hayas visto hasta ahora y compara cada monstruo con él:

def nearest(self):
    point = pygame.Vector2(self.knight.rect.center)
    best = None
    for monster in self.monsters:
        if best is None or point.distance_to(monster.pos) < point.distance_to(best.pos):
            best = monster
    return best

Un rayo es un sprite que vuela en línea recta. Calcula su dirección una sola vez, cuando se crea, como el paso de un monstruo, y la conserva: velocity = step.normalize() * 7. Cuando sale de la pantalla, se elimina con self.kill(), que quita un sprite de cada Group al que pertenece.

Un temporizador cuenta los fotogramas transcurridos desde el último rayo. Cuando llega al valor de bolt_wait del caballero y hay un objetivo, dispara y lo restablece a 0. A esta espera entre usos se la llama tiempo de recarga.

Desafío

Intermedio

Añade BOLT = (120, 200, 255). Dale al caballero bolt_wait = 30 y bolt_damage = 1.
Escribe class Bolt(pygame.sprite.Sprite): __init__(self, start, target, damage) conserva pos, velocity (7 píxeles por fotograma hacia el objetivo), damage y un rect de 10 por 10; update lo mueve y lo elimina cuando su rect queda fuera de la pantalla.
En Night: self.bolts = pygame.sprite.Group(), self.bolt_timer = 0, nearest() y shoot(). En update, llama a self.bolts.update() después de que se muevan los monstruos y, luego, a self.shoot().
Dibuja cada rayo al final en el patio: pygame.draw.circle(screen, BOLT, bolt.rect.center, 5).

Pruébalo tú mismo

import random
import pygame

WIDTH, HEIGHT = 720, 480
TILE = 48
NIGHT = 60 * 60 * 4
WAVES = [
    ["slime"],
    ["slime", "bat"],
    ["slime", "bat", "spider"],
    ["bat", "spider"],
    ["slime", "spider", "ghost"],
    ["bat", "spider", "ghost"],
    ["spider", "ghost"],
    ["bat", "ghost"],
]
WHITE = (240, 240, 240)

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Hold the Keep")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font("assets/fonts/pixel.ttf", 24)
big_font = pygame.font.Font("assets/fonts/pixel.ttf", 48)


def load(name):
    return pygame.image.load("assets/images/" + name).convert_alpha()


floor_img = load("floor.png")
wall_img = load("wall.png")
knight_img = load("knight.png")
heart_img = load("heart.png")
empty_img = load("heart_empty.png")
MONSTERS = {
    "slime": {"image": load("slime.png"), "speed": 1.0},
    "bat": {"image": load("dungeon_bat.png"), "speed": 1.6},
    "spider": {"image": load("spider.png"), "speed": 1.2},
    "ghost": {"image": load("ghost.png"), "speed": 0.8},
}

courtyard = pygame.Rect(TILE, TILE, WIDTH - 2 * TILE, HEIGHT - 2 * TILE)
background = pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
for row in range(HEIGHT // TILE):
    for col in range(WIDTH // TILE):
        x = col * TILE
        y = row * TILE
        if courtyard.collidepoint(x, y):
            background.blit(floor_img, (x, y))
        else:
            background.blit(wall_img, (x, y))


def draw(image, center):
    screen.blit(image, image.get_rect(center=center))


def clock_text(frames):
    seconds = frames // 60
    return f"{seconds // 60}:{seconds % 60:02d}"


def edge_point():
    side = random.randint(0, 3)
    if side == 0:
        return (random.randint(0, WIDTH), -24)
    if side == 1:
        return (random.randint(0, WIDTH), HEIGHT + 24)
    if side == 2:
        return (-24, random.randint(0, HEIGHT))
    return (WIDTH + 24, random.randint(0, HEIGHT))


class Knight(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = knight_img
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 24, 24)
        self.rect.center = courtyard.center
        self.speed = 3
        self.hearts = 5
        self.max_hearts = 5
        self.hurt = 0

    def move(self, keys):
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.rect.x -= self.speed
        if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.rect.x += self.speed
        if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
            self.rect.y -= self.speed
        if keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
            self.rect.y += self.speed
        self.rect.clamp_ip(courtyard)


class Monster(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, kind, pos):
        super().__init__()
        self.kind = kind
        self.image = MONSTERS[kind]["image"]
        self.speed = MONSTERS[kind]["speed"]
        self.pos = pygame.Vector2(pos)
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 28, 28)
        self.rect.center = self.pos

    def update(self, target):
        step = pygame.Vector2(target) - self.pos
        if step.length() > 0:
            self.pos += step.normalize() * self.speed
        self.rect.center = self.pos


class Night:
    def __init__(self):
        self.knight = Knight()
        self.time = 0
        self.monsters = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.state = "playing"

    def wave(self):
        return min(len(WAVES), self.time * len(WAVES) // NIGHT + 1)

    def spawn(self):
        wave = self.wave()
        if self.time % max(16, 46 - wave * 5) == 0:
            kind = random.choice(WAVES[wave - 1])
            self.monsters.add(Monster(kind, edge_point()))

    def take_hits(self):
        knight = self.knight
        if knight.hurt > 0:
            knight.hurt -= 1
        elif pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(knight, self.monsters):
            knight.hearts -= 1
            knight.hurt = 75
            if knight.hearts <= 0:
                self.state = "lost"

    def update(self, keys):
        self.time += 1
        self.knight.move(keys)
        self.spawn()
        self.monsters.update(self.knight.rect.center)
        self.take_hits()


night = Night()

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    if night.state == "playing":
        night.update(pygame.key.get_pressed())

    screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
    knight = night.knight
    for monster in night.monsters:
        draw(monster.image, monster.rect.center)
    if knight.hurt % 10 < 5:
        draw(knight.image, knight.rect.center)
    for i in range(knight.max_hearts):
        if i < knight.hearts:
            screen.blit(heart_img, (8 + i * 34, 6))
        else:
            screen.blit(empty_img, (8 + i * 34, 6))
    left = font.render(clock_text(max(0, NIGHT - night.time)) + " until dawn", True, WHITE)
    screen.blit(left, left.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, 24)))
    if night.state == "lost":
        message = big_font.render("The keep has fallen", True, WHITE)
        screen.blit(message, message.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, 200)))
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()