更多波次

本课属于 Coddy Pygame 学习旅程的“精灵与图像”单元。第 38 课，共 39 课。

只有一波，游戏内容不够丰富。用数据描述各波，每波用一个元组表示：图片、敌人数量和速度。

WAVES = [(red_image, 4, 1), (green_image, 5, 2)]

wave 是当前正在进行的波次的索引。用 image, count, speed = WAVES[wave] 开始第一波，这会将元组解包到三个名称中，然后调用 spawn_wave(image, count, speed)。当 enemies 为空时，当前波次就完成了：

if not enemies:
    wave += 1
    if wave < len(WAVES):
        image, count, speed = WAVES[wave]
        spawn_wave(image, count, speed)

空组会被视为假值，因此最后一个敌人消失后，not enemies 就为真。要添加新波次，只需在列表中再添加一个元组。

挑战

中等

让敌人一波接一波地出现。

加载 enemy_green.png 和 enemy_yellow.png，并设置 WAVES = [(red_image, 6, 2), (green_image, 8, 2), (yellow_image, 10, 3)]。
设置 wave = 0，并根据 WAVES[wave]生成第一波敌人。
当 enemies 为空时，进入下一波并生成敌人（如果还有下一波）。
当 wave < len(WAVES) 时，绘制 f"Wave {wave + 1}"，使其顶部中点位于 (320, 10)。

按下“开始”并清除一波敌人：Wave 2 会带来 8 个绿色敌人。然后点击“检查”。

亲手试试

import random
import pygame

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
pygame.display.set_caption("Star Patrol")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 32)

ship_image = pygame.image.load("assets/images/ship.png").convert_alpha()
laser_image = pygame.image.load("assets/images/laser.png").convert_alpha()
red_image = pygame.image.load("assets/images/enemy_red.png").convert_alpha()
explosion_frames = []
for number in range(1, 5):
    explosion_frames.append(pygame.image.load(f"assets/images/explosion_{number}.png").convert_alpha())


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = ship_image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(midbottom=(320, 470))
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)

    def update(self):
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.rect.x -= 6
        if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.rect.x += 6
        self.rect.clamp_ip(screen.get_rect())


class Laser(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = laser_image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(midbottom=(x, y))
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y -= 10
        if self.rect.bottom < 0:
            self.kill()


class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, image, x, y, speed):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=(x, y))
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
        self.speed = speed

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.speed


class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, center):
        super().__init__()
        self.index = 0
        self.timer = 0
        self.image = explosion_frames[0]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=center)

    def update(self):
        self.timer += 1
        if self.timer == 5:
            self.timer = 0
            self.index += 1
            if self.index == len(explosion_frames):
                self.kill()
            else:
                self.image = explosion_frames[self.index]


def spawn_wave(image, count, speed):
    for i in range(count):
        x = random.randint(40, 600)
        enemies.add(Enemy(image, x, -40 - i * 120, speed))


player = Player()
lasers = pygame.sprite.Group()
enemies = pygame.sprite.Group()
explosions = pygame.sprite.Group()
last_shot = 0
score = 0
lives = 3
spawn_wave(red_image, 6, 2)

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    if lives > 0:
        player.update()
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        if keys[pygame.K_SPACE] and now - last_shot >= 250:
            lasers.add(Laser(player.rect.centerx, player.rect.top))
            last_shot = now
        lasers.update()
        enemies.update()
        for enemy in enemies:
            if enemy.rect.top > 480:
                enemy.kill()
                lives -= 1
        hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(enemies, lasers, True, True, pygame.sprite.collide_mask)
        for enemy in hits:
            score += 10
            explosions.add(Explosion(enemy.rect.center))
        crashes = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, enemies, True, pygame.sprite.collide_mask)
        for enemy in crashes:
            lives -= 1
            explosions.add(Explosion(enemy.rect.center))
    explosions.update()

    screen.fill((12, 14, 30))
    enemies.draw(screen)
    lasers.draw(screen)
    screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    explosions.draw(screen)
    score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, (240, 240, 240))
    screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))
    lives_text = font.render(f"Lives: {max(lives, 0)}", True, (240, 240, 240))
    screen.blit(lives_text, lives_text.get_rect(topright=(630, 10)))
    if lives <= 0:
        message = font.render("Game over", True, (240, 240, 240))
        screen.blit(message, message.get_rect(center=(320, 240)))
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()