Nested IFs

One IF picks between two answers. But what about grades, A, B or C? The trick is to put a second IF inside the first, in the false-answer slot. This is called a nested IF:

=IF(A1>=90, "A", IF(A1>=80, "B", "C"))

Read it from left to right: is A1 at least 90? Yes → show A, done. No → don't give up, ask the next question: is it at least 80? Yes → B, no → C. Each IF handles one question and hands the rest to the next.

The order of the checks matters. Excel stops at the first condition that's true, so you test the highest band first. If you asked A1>=80 first, a 95 would grab the B before the A check ever ran.

Two bookkeeping tips: every IF you open needs its own closing parenthesis, two IFs, two ) at the end. And each extra IF adds exactly one more possible answer: two nested IFs give three outcomes, three IFs give four, and so on.