أساسيات الـ Ctors والـ Dtors

class Book {
private:
    std::string title;
    int pages;

public:
    Book() {
        this->title = "Unknown";
        this->pages = 0;
    }
};

Book(std::string title, int pages) {
    this->title = title;
    this->pages = pages;
}

class Book {
private:
    std::string title;
    int pages;

public:
    Book() {
        this->title = "Unknown";
        this->pages = 0;
    }
    
    Book(std::string title) {
        this->title = title;
        this->pages = 0;
    }
    
    Book(std::string title, int pages) {
        this->title = title;
        this->pages = pages;
    }
};

class Book {
public:
    ~Book() {
        std::cout << "Book destroyed" << std::endl;
    }
};

Book book1;                        // المُنشئ الافتراضي
Book book2("Harry Potter");         // معامل واحد
Book book3("1984", 328);            // معاملان