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Vertical Circles

Part of the Mechanics section of Coddy's Physics journey. Lesson 78 of 97.

In a vertical circle the weight always points down. With the direction toward the centre positive:

top: T+mg=mv2r,bottom: T−mg=mv2r\text{top: } T + mg = \frac{mv^2}{r}, \qquad \text{bottom: } T - mg = \frac{mv^2}{r}

A ball on a string swung in a vertical circle around a central peg. At the top, the tension T and the weight mg both point down, toward the centre. At the bottom, a longer tension arrow points up, toward the centre, and the weight points down, away from it

At the top both forces point to the centre; at the bottom the weight points away from it.

The string pulls hardest at the bottom. On a roller coaster the seat's normal force NN plays the part of TT: at the bottom of a dip the rider feels heavier.

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Challenge

A 60 kg60\ \mathrm{kg} rider on a roller coaster passes through the bottom of a dip. There her acceleration is 5 m/s25\ \mathrm{m/s^2}, straight up toward the centre of the dip. Find the normal force NN from her seat.

Try it yourself

Physics diagram: path, cart

Solve for NN

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